Hybrid Precoding for mmWave MIMO Systems Optimizing Signal-to-Interference Ratio with Whale Optimization Algorithm

Abstract

This paper suggests a new hybrid precoding method for millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to improve the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). Hybrid precoding helps deal with hardware limits in mmWave systems by merging analog and digital processing, but finding the best setup can be tricky. We set up hybrid precoding as an optimization task where WOA helps optimize both RF and baseband precoders while keeping certain limitations in mind. We ran a bunch of Monte Carlo simulations, and the results show that our method beats traditional fully digital precoding by as much as 4 dB in SIR across different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The WOA solution usually reaches good results quickly, often within 10 iterations, and creates focused beam patterns that do a great job of reducing interference. Looking at the SIR distribution among users shows that this algorithm effectively reduces multi-user interference while still keeping a strong signal for the main user. Our performance checks through cumulative distribution functions demonstrate that the proposed method consistently achieves better SIR values compared to benchmark approaches. Overall, these findings support how WOA can make a difference in optimizing hybrid precoding for mmWave MIMO systems, and it offers solid performance upgrades even with real-world hardware limits.